This paper deals with the administration of elementary education in Thailand and Philippines by investigating their present practices with special focus and concentration on the problems involved in hopes of contributing to the improvement of policies. In conclusion, the paper has identified a few good features of the Thai system that can be adopted in the Philippines, such as the improvement of the training of elementary school teachers, and a few good features of the Philippine system that can be adopted in Thailand, such as the national government giving aid to poor communities to insure equality on educational opportunities.